The Humane Treatment of Animals vs. Factory Farms

Deanda Jones The Humane Treatment of Animals vs. Factory Farms The first questions we have to ask ourselves; do animals have rights, do they have feelings, do they feel pain, do they need as we do? To find the answer, one needs merely to think back on empirical data if one has ever owned or been around an animal, a dog or a cat, or horses or farm animals. Take for instance a mother cat. When a mother has kittens, she looks for a sheltered, warm, safe place to do so. When they are borne, she cleans her kitten instinctively until the sac it is born in is eaten and the kitten mews loudly, letting the world know she is alive and hungry. If the mother feels her babies are threatened, she will move them to a safer place,†¦show more content†¦Enter the Industrial Age and WWII. Factory’s to get food to the soldiers sprung up everywhere. Convenience food was born and embraced by the ‘modern’ woman. People moved into the city and had to buy food for the first time. People forgot about farming because they didn’t ne ed to. There are some farmers who have stuck it out and still run their farms with humane treatment in mind. The philosophy is that happy and content animals make great food. So do we really need to eat animals anyway? With such global access to so many different kinds of food, there is absolutely no reason for westernized country’s to have to eat animals. The new food pyramid called MyPyramid (MyPyramid.org) displays 6 colored bands that represent the different food groups. The protein band, which is purple, lists not only meat and fish, but also beans, peas, nuts, seeds and eggs as protein sources. There are many meat analogues made from soybeans or wheat, which are very popular and are found in the frozen breakfast isle at your local grocers. Utilitarian’s would say, â€Å"No, there’s enough food, you don’t need to treat animals the way we’re doing for food or experiments, but it needs to be implemented in small baby steps so as not to hurt th e welfare of man also (Francione, 1997). But if there are starving people in the world and they painlessly kill and eat an animal is morally permissible to do so. Tom Regan, and animalShow MoreRelatedAnimal Cruelty1006 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Cruelty Liz Rasey English 112 Humans have been using animals for consumption ever since we have been around on the Earth. As the populations of humans rapidly increases throughout many centuries so has the consumption levels. Just within the last few decades has the awareness for animal rights gained tons of popularity. PETA (People for Ethical Treatment of Animals) was created in 1980 and â€Å"Focuses its attention on the four areas in which the largest numbersRead MoreThe Hidden Horrors Of Mass Produced Food1737 Words   |  7 PagesRevolution. The transition from small, local farms to larger, corporate-owned businesses began when machines were more readily available and much more efficient. However, another factor in the creation of the current industrial food system, including factory farming, is the advent of fast food, beginning in the 1930s. Food had to be uniform and cheap for both the company and the consumers (Food, Inc.). Another contributing factor is increased demand for animal products, partly d riven by the fact thatRead MoreEating Meat1286 Words   |  6 PagesEating Meat and The Treatment of Animals Eating animals is part of the daily life of billions of people all over the world. Every day, thousands of animals are killed for the production of food for people. We have been brought up eating meat and never questioned it. It is culturally accepted even though modern livestock and poultry production (factory farming) is cruel and gives animals no other purpose for existence except for human consumption. There are particular religions which prohibit eatingRead MoreWomen s Influence On The Kitchen Essay1980 Words   |  8 PagesBut, even if local farm women aren’t directly supported, knowing the farm where one’s food comes from also contributes to feminism. As Contento (1980) says, â€Å"we need to realize that the moment we rely on someone else to supply us with some food item, we have lost some degree of control over it, both in terms of its ingredients and its quality† (p. 197). In essence, women who take control over their own food, their own health, and th eir own cooking, end up relying on themselves more than men or societyRead MoreKilling an Animal for Clothing2380 Words   |  10 Pagesoccurs on a daily basis. Looking at a fur coat through a store window or in a glossy magazine one may not realize that animals were beaten, electrocuted, crammed in filthy wire cages, or even hanged just to produce a simple fur coat. Every year millions of animals are treated wrongly and even killed for the fur on their backs. Society may think twice about wearing the corpse of an animal when one knows what really happens in the name of fashion. An immeasurable amount of suffering went into every furRead MoreResearch Paper - Organic Farming2707 Words   |  11 Pagesseveral important countries. History: After the Second World War, however, there was a movement towards mechanization of farming. In instance, thousand of farm horses were being killed to be replaced by tractors (Bruins, 2001). Higher productivity, larger and increasingly automated farms spread across the landscape, and these factory farms put the synthetic fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides, and mass-rearing techniques developed in the 1920s into widespread use. Amidst this agricultural industrialRead MoreOrganic Food8071 Words   |  33 PagesFood†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦04 03. Principles of Organic Agriculture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....05 04. How Can We Be Sure That our Food is Organic?...............07 05. Types of Organic Food†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....07 06. Advantages of Organic Foods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......09 07. Organic vs. Non-organic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......11 08. Organic Food market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....13 09. How can we market Organic Products?................................14 10. Organic Food in Bangladesh†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....17 11. Potential for Organic Shrimp farming inRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pagesdemocracy, and industrial capitalism. It was born as an answer to problems created by capitalist industrialization; it was driven by the democratic class struggle; and it followed in the footsteps of the nation state (Flora 1986: XII) Liberalism Vs Conservatism Is there a middle, or more rational, way? In the 20th Century there was a move towards developing a middle, and more rational, approach to the polar opposites of liberalism conservatism. Conservatism †¢ Republican †¢ Residual View ofRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pages Training in International Management The Impact of Overall Management Philosophy on Training The Impact of Different Learning Styles on Training and Development Reasons for Training 520 522 523 524 Types of Training Programs Standardized vs. Tailor-Made Cultural Assimilators Positive Organizational Behavior 526 526 529 530 xxvi Table of Contents Future Trends The World of International Management—Revisited Summary of Key Points Key Terms Review and Discussion Questions InternetRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and international violence within human populations and the ravages visited upon animals and the natural world by humans vastly exceeded that of any previous era in history. In a century where human communities globally and individuals locally had the potential to be much more intensely connected by new communications technologies

The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe - 999 Words

Why are Edgar Allan Poe’s works so poignant and heavy when read? Poe uses a variety of literary devices to convey what he wants to the reader, but imagery is the most impactful of them all. He allows the readers to step into his stories and permits them to feel as though they have been taken into the story. Poe’s portrayal of tragedies and dark stories in his works such as â€Å"The Black Cat,† â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death,† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† depends mainly on his use of one artistic tool, imagery. Each of these three stories explores tragedies or either dark, twisted characters that make some inhumane decisions for some reason or another. Now with the understanding of what tool Poe uses to make his writings more impactful, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† reveals many examples of Poe’s skillful use of imagery. Most of the story takes place in catacombs, probably somewhere in Italy, where two men are searching for a wine called the Amontillado. Poe explains in detail the halls of the catacombs and how they are lined with human remains, the structure of the roof, and placement of support beams. Poe states â€Å"Its walls had been lined with human remains, piled to the vault overhead, in the fashion of the great catacombs of Paris.† The way Poe portrays the catacombs really allows someone as a reader to picture the setting and feel as though he/she is really there. To add on, later on in the story as the two men make their way further into the crypts, Poe uses imagery again toShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe906 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was written in 1846, by Edgar Allan Poe. Born in 1809, Poe never knew any of his parents. At the age of three, his mother died of tuberculosis, and his father deserted the family before he was born. Taking care of him was his foster parents in Richmond, Virginia. They loved Poe, but were not supportive of his decisions and kept Poe poor. Having debt and not being able to provide food and clothes for himself caused Poe to quit school. Later, heRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe920 Words   |  4 Pageswhen that trust no longer exists? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunato is about to find the answer to this question. On the surface, Montresor seems friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. Could this hatred have an irrationality that only Montresor understands? In different ways, both of these men are proud and affluent, yet both have downfalls that will l ead to a tragic ending. Edgar Allan Poe’s use of language contributes to the understandingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn his writing, Edgar Allan Poe has multiple uses of direct and indirect characterization. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor had rules such as â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified hisRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1303 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator recalls an extremely significant time in his life, and takes the reader along with him. Throughout the story, one experiences a perfectly planned murder which took place over fifty years ago, and still no one has discovered what truly happened to poor Fortunato as he was chained to a wall in a room that was then closed off, and torched to death due to all the nitre in the walls. As the story goes on, the reader can see some of Poe’s unfortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, The Cask of Amontillado, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of terror and betrayal. Like many of Poe’s literary works, the story has a dark undertone with a theme of terror and depression. More than half a century ago, Marshall McLuhan argued that though Poe was fascinated by evil, the evil that he had in mind was not that of Calvinism, but that of the split man and the split civilization. In general, McLuhan was right, but in this instance Calvinism, and its God, provided a darkRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Ca sk of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolismRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe985 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is a well known author of short stories and poetry from the 19th century. He is known especially for his stories of horror and suspense. The Cask of Amontillado is one of his more famous pieces. The story follows the narrator, Montresor, as he exacts revenge on Fortunato. Montressor draws Fortunato into the wine cellar where eventually he chains Fortunato to the wall and encloses him inside it. Throughout the story the narrator continually proves that he is not the most reliable source

Interview tips Free Essays

To help the interviewee (you) decide if this is the Job that you want and ask uestions that will help you determine if this Job will be a good fit for you. 2. To help the interviewer decide if you are the best fit for the position that is available. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview tips or any similar topic only for you Order Now It really is that simple. But that does not mean that it is an easy process. From the moment that you find out you have an interview; you must step into sales person mode. â€Å"But I want to be a security guard – not a sales person,† you might be thinking. That’s true. Until you have the job though, you are a sales person and what you are selling is yourself. You must be able to sell yourself as something that the company needs to fulfill a purpose. There are two rules that sales people follow, no matter what they are selling: 1. Know your product. 2. Know your audience. These two rules will take you a long way in the interview process and all of the tips that you are going to read about in this e-book will all come back to these two things. Without knowledge of your product (yourself) and your audience (the company you want to work for) you will not be successful in the interview. Before, moving on to the 10 tips that will help you in the interview process, remember that the interview process does not begin the moment you walk in the 5 Before the Interview oor of the interviewer’s office. Nor does it begin when you walk in the building of the place you are being interviewed at. The interview process begins the moment you find out that you have an interview. And that is where we will begin. Before the Interview 1. Research Before you begin doing anything else, your first task should be to find out as much about the company as possible. And that goes back to that second rule of sales, â€Å"Know your audience. The more you know about the company that you are want to work for, the more information you will have available to show the interviewer that you are the best erson for the Job. It could be something as simple as knowing that the owner of the company has been nominated for an ABC award or knowing how many people the company employs each year. Every little bit of information can be helpful in some way. Here is some of the information that you should look for: 0 Who are the leaders of the organization? Have they been featured in the news or media lately? What are their personal mottos, goals, and values? Where did they go to school? Have they owned other companies? 0 What kind of online presence does the company have? Most businesses have a web site, so make sure that you read every age of that site. Do they have a Facebook account or a Twitter account? Read the latest updates and tweets. See how they interact with others and topics show up on their tweets and on the wall of their page. 0 Who is the company’s competition? How does the company promote themselves to stand out amongst the competition? Does the company have a motto? Is the company growing or expanding in comparison to other companies? Before the Interview 0 Does the company participate in volunteer events or charities? Are they involved in the community? Any information that you can gather about the company can be helpful. The information that you learn can help you answer questions. It can also create questions that you can ask later in the interview. 2. Practice No matter what questions you are answer and no mat ter what you are talking about, it is important to sound confident. The more you practice what you are going to say, the more confident you will appear. Practice by yourself and practice with other people. Friends, colleagues, and family members make excellent practice partners and sometimes they hear things that you might not notice. You may not notice how many times you say, â€Å"Umm†¦ † but your practice partner will. You can also practice by using a recorder or a web camera. With a recorder, you can focus on your speech. Listen for things like talking to fast or too slow, pronouncing words wrong, overuse of the words â€Å"like†, â€Å"um†, or â€Å"uh†. Some people have a tendency to let words trail off at the end of their sentences and this can make you difficult to understand. With a web camera you can pretend that the camera is the interviewer. Observe how much you keep eye contact and how often you look at things other than the â€Å"interviewer†. When you are practicing tor the interview, one ot the most obvious things to practice s how you answer interview questions. Be familiar with the most popular interview questions and practice answering them until you are completely comfortable with your answers. You will read more about the most commonly asked interview questions in the During the Interview section. You can also find more common interview questions that you can practice by doing some research online. 7 Before the Interview The interview questions are not the only thing you should practice though. Some of the other things you can practice are: 0 Your handshake. 0 How you introduce yourself. 0 How you end the interview. 3. While You are Waiting You will often have some time to wait in the reception area before you go into the interview. This time is important, too. Here are a few DOS and DON’TS to keep in mind: 0 DO use this time to mentally rehearse your answers. 0 DON’T talk to yourself. DO visualize yourself entering the interviewing room, shaking hands with the interviewer, and appearing calm and confident. 0 DON’T chat up the receptionist. The receptionist has their own Job to do and it is not the receptionist’s Job to babysit you or entertain you. 0 DO get rid of the chewing gum before you enter the building. You do not want to have it in your mou th when ou enter the interview and it will be more difficult to dispose of once you enter the waiting room. 0 DON’T pace. Pick up a magazine or brochure before you sit down if you like but don’t spend your time wandering around the reception area. DO use the restroom before you get settled. A full bladder will distract you and make you appear nervous. 8 During the Interview During the Interview 4. Confidence is Key The first few minutes of the interview are imperative. It is believed that people develop an impression ot you within the first 30 seconds and that impression can continue through the interview. No matter what you must appear confident. If you don’t believe in yourself, if you do not have confidence in what you are selling, how can you expect anyone else to believe in you? One of the worst things you can do in the first 5 minutes of the interview is showing your nervousness. For instance, â€Å"If they are nervous and can’t answer questions or give one word answers,† says Ahmed Elbarmil of North Eastern Security Force, it decreases your likelihood of getting hired. How can you demonstrate confidence in those first few minutes? One of the best ways to do this is to smile. A smile goes a long way in any situation but it is especially important in the interview. It tells the interviewer that you are happy to be there and that you are happy to meet them. A smile implies sincerity and approachability. A smile suggests that you are honest. You can also show that you are confident through your eye contact. Eye contact should be maintained throughout the interview, but when you first meet someone it is even more important. When you make eye contact with someone you are telling them that you have nothing to hide. You are suggesting that you are an open book. You also give them the impression that you are interested in them and that you are ready to listen. Of course, one of the things that convey confidence more than anything in an interview is your handshake. How to cite Interview tips, Papers

For Marxist free essay sample

# 8217 ; s, The Problems Facing Humanity Arise Not From Nature, But From Society. Discuss Essay, Research Paper We are invariably bombarded with ocular images of the jobs confronting humanity every twenty-four hours in the intelligence, from overpopulation and dearth to AIDS and the nursery consequence, and more frequently than non these are presented to us as # 8216 ; natural # 8217 ; happenings. In fact, concern for the environment has reached such a febrility pitch that a Green political party has emerged to garner these # 8216 ; cognizant # 8217 ; ballots. But how # 8216 ; cognizant # 8217 ; are they? Marxists would hold us believe that the jobs confronting humanity derive entirely from society and that any denial of this is a consequence of our conditioning within the capitalist system. In this essay I aim to analyze this Marxist reading of the state of affairs world finds himself in via the usage of several instance surveies and a comparing with the Green motion. The outgrowth of a # 8216 ; Green # 8217 ; political party that promises to concentrate most of its attending on envir onmental issues is symbolic of a recent displacement in society # 8217 ; s attitude that can be partially attributed to the attempts of administrations such as Friends of the Earth. For many old ages these administrations have run runs with rubrics like # 8220 ; Help the Earth fight back # 8221 ; , that are aimed at increasing society # 8217 ; s consciousness of environmental issues ; foregrounding the ecological jobs acid rain, the nursery consequence and atomic power etcetera, will do in the hereafter. They claim that # 8220 ; [ mankind ] knows plenty to change by reversal [ some of ] the [ environmental ] harm, and to pull off the Earth # 8217 ; s amazing wealth more reasonably and sustainably. But the political will to convey about such a transmutation is still missing # 8221 ; ( Friends of the Earth, day of the month unknown ) . The Green # 8217 ; s have attempted to offer society this will. Formed about twenty old ages ago the bulk of Greenss are deterministically ecocentric, believing that adult male is portion of the planetary ecosystem and topic to # 8216 ; natural # 8217 ; bounds ( on population and economic growing ) . Their ecological stanc e emerged as a consequence of dissatisfaction with the bing anthropocentric universe position that # 8220 ; license [ s ] the human species to work the remainder of nature as if from above and outside it # 8221 ; ( Capra and Spretnak, 1984, ppxxiv ) . Rather than this exploitatory relationship the ecocentric position prefers to emphasize mankind # 8217 ; s need to re-relate with nature via the acceptance of an anti-industrial ( and hence anti-capitalist ) political orientation and a return to a more fundamental way-of-life. This formal political # 8216 ; policy # 8217 ; is the manifestation of the Green # 8217 ; s primary concern, that # 8220 ; modern engineering is out of control, endangering the balance between human society and the natural universe # 8221 ; ( Richards, 1989 ) . This radical position does nevertheless, have its defects. The first job is that the Green # 8217 ; s Utopian vision of a return to a pre-industrial society would ensue in them being unable to est ablish an effectual planetary response to some of the planetary menaces that face humanity, since the technological expertness which would hold necessarily developed and solved the jobs would non be pursued. As Frank Richards ( 1989 ) says in an article for Populating Marxism, # 8220 ; the experience of history is that every progress creates new jobs but that it besides creates the agencies of work outing them # 8221 ; , a fact the Green # 8217 ; s do non look to set much accent on. From a similar Marxist point of view, the Green # 8217 ; s want of an economic status-quo would ensue in the relationship between the labor and middle class besides staying inactive, forestalling the release of the # 8216 ; prole # 8217 ; via the contradictions inherent in capitalist society, and the decease of any # 8216 ; possible # 8217 ; for a socialist province. Although this may well forestall farther industrial end product and pollution in the short-run, Marxists would reason that the actu ating power of capital ( linked to our conditioning in a capitalistic manner of production ) would ensue in a return to the bing form of production, and therefore pollution, in the long-run. Equally far as the Marxist would be concerned this effort to work out the environmental jobs via the use of the superstructure, instead than the political reform ( non regress as the Green # 8217 ; s would hold us believe ) of the base, is a halfhearted effort, doomed to failure. So, if a Marxist review of the Green # 8217 ; s can cut down their political credibleness, what do they themselves have to offer in footings of an analysis of the current menaces to humanity? Marxist # 8217 ; s believe that before you can understand any alteration ( political, economic, environmental etc. ) , you foremost necessitate to understand the procedures that keep society reproducing ; these procedures are the material procedures of production and distribution of nutrient, goods and services ( Matley, 1966 ) . They see this productive activity as a manner of obtaining a agency of subsistence through interacting with nature via the drudging activities of work forces, and that through this labour both adult male and nature alteration ; # 8220 ; in the procedure of battle against nature, adult male non merely changes the character of nature, but besides himself, by geting new qualities, wonts and experience # 8221 ; ( Matley, 1966 ) . The theoretical logical thinking behind this premise, that adult male and nature alteration in unison, is that the transmutation of nature allows # 8220 ; an expanded reproduction of productive forces # 8221 ; ( Corbridge, 1986 ) over clip, which enables society to be at a higher degree, in both demographic and mercenary footings. With society and nature developing as a consequence of adult male # 8217 ; s labour, it follows that adult male must besides develop ; enabling him to make continually higher rational planes which demand the satisfaction of ass ociated new demands and wants. Once these new demands and wants have been satisfied, as they inevitably will be, adult male will make an even higher plane of being through the farther development of nature, that will make a new set of demands and wants, and so the futile effort to fulfill humanity # 8217 ; s insatiate lecherousness for # 8216 ; more # 8217 ; continues ( this procedure is known as a dialectic and was seen by Marx as the logical development of society ; halting merely when everyone was fulfilled in what would so hold become a socialist province ) . For Marxist # 8217 ; s, this thrust to continually accomplish # 8216 ; more # 8217 ; is an built-in portion of the capitalist system, whereby # 8216 ; more # 8217 ; translates as the potency for the middle class to increase the sum of capital they have accumulated, either via consumers increased ingestion or by manufacturers progressively efficient production. For the middle class to maximize excess value ( net inco me ) , they have to guarantee that the exchange value is greater than the sum of labor invested in the merchandise. However, to sell the merchandise ( which is a requirement to doing net income ) , it is necessary for the labour force to hold plenty buying power to represent a important market. It hence follows that to supply adequate work to hold a work force that can purchase the merchandise and to make a continually widening profit-margin ( excess value ) , production must invariably spread out ( Smith, 1984 ) . This # 8216 ; enlargement at all costs syndrome # 8217 ; is related to the current manner of production and can be viewed as one of the primary accounts for # 8216 ; industrial # 8217 ; pollution of the environment, since # 8220 ; the thrust for short-run net income forces capitalists to ignore the possible long-run dangers of industrial procedures # 8230 ; .. [ and ] policies to protect and conserve natural resources are antithetical to profit-making # 8221 ; ( Ri chards, 1989 ) . This position that it is capitalist economy and capitalists who are to fault for the current jobs confronting humanity contrasts starkly with the Green # 8217 ; s who believe that it is # 8220 ; modern engineering [ which ] is out of control # 8221 ; ( Richards, 1989 ) ; a singular accomplishment for inert machinery. One of the best, although non the most widely appreciated, illustrations of this myopic involvement in short-run capital accretion taking to environmental jobs, is in the agriculture industry # 8211 ; a sector that is usually perceived as # 8216 ; caring # 8217 ; about nature. In recent old ages developments in Western agricultural patterns have resulted in there being huge additions in the outputs of most harvests, so much so that immense mountains of nutrient are now being stored in warehouses to maintain monetary values unnaturally high. However, although these new patterns have increased the husbandmans ( the middle class ) short-run net incom es, concerns are now mounting that their long-run hereafter as nutrient manufacturers may be in uncertainty as a consequence of their short-run activities holding a damaging consequence on dirt birthrate ( Curtis, Courtney and Trudgill, 1976 ) ; # 8220 ; in its uncontrolled thrust for catholicity, capitalist economy [ has ] create [ vitamin D ] new barriers to its ain hereafter # 8221 ; ( Smith, 1984 ) . The patterns doing the most concern are the high inputs of unreal fertilizers, chemical pesticides, weedkillers and the usage of machinery ( as opposed to machinery itself ) ; all elements introduced to increase the short-run efficiency of the dirt. These patterns have resulted in the eutrophication of rivers and H2O, land pollution with antibiotics used in carnal raising, impairment in dirt drainage and construction through over plowing, dirt eroding following hedgerow remotion for larger more # 8216 ; efficient # 8217 ; Fieldss and a long-run pH lessening through increasing us age of inorganic fertilizers ( Curtis, Courtney and Trudgill, 1976 ) . Although some of these patterns have been scientifically proven harmful to the environment ( such as inorganic fertilizers ) , all of them will go on to be utilised by the husbandman ( the middle class ) since they guarantee their economic endurance. This type of scheme, prosecuting anything that increases the profit-margin, is adopted through all types of industry, including those that have the possible to change the environment on a planetary graduated table. Marxist’s position this as the middle class trying to project the costs of production to society, so that they, as the proprietor of the production installation, incur less of them. They believe that capitalists are improbable to recycle residues or take pollutants from industrial production at their ain cost ( cut downing their net income ) when these costs can be diffused throughout society as metals in the air, acerb rain or chemicals in the sea. Neither would the current Green position that ‘the defiler pays’ work, since the middle class would necessarily project the costs by go throughing them on to the consumer instead than diminishing their net incomes. So, in the instance of pollutant orientated jobs, the Marxist position offers an priceless penetration into the analysis of why the job is every bit big as it is but, unlike the Green’s, appears to do few suggestions as to how they can be solved. Predictably, the response they do do is that under a socialist manner of production there would neer be an environmental crisis, since the factor doing the job, capitalist economy, would no longer be. Alternatively of working for private addition, people would â€Å"lose [ their ] preoccupation with private interests† preferring alternatively to â€Å"find their ain felicity in working for the good of all† ( Singer, 1980 ) , the consequence being that excesses in the signifier of pollution would be a thing of the yesteryear. However, Marxist’s believe the lone manner they will of all time accomplish this end ( of a socialist manner of production ) is if the full development of productive forces returns unabated. They see the division of society into categories as the consequence of deficient production, so growing towards a sufficiency is needed before people will get down to believe about the construction of the society in which they live ; in this sense they see engineering as an emancipatory force for the labor ( Smith, 1984 ) . But what is sufficient? And will this province of sufficiency of all time be reached by everyone, every bit long as capitalists continue to work the working-class? In my sentiment ’sufficient’ for the multitudes is apt to be a considerable map of ‘that which the capitalists have got’ . However, they are neer likely to accomplish this since any betterment in the criterion of life for the labor is merely traveling to be as a consequence of a treble addition for the middle class, an equation that culminates in the sufficiency-threshold increasing. So, if the Marxist’s are expecting the reaching of sufficiency for the labor before any social revolution Begins, they are, in my sentiment, likely to be waiting a long-time ; so long in fact, that at the present rate of environmental impairment, they may non desire to ‘inherit’ the decrepid remains of a society t hey have been patiently ‘waiting’ ( instead than politically ‘fighting’ ) for. So far, I have merely included in my survey of the jobs confronting humanity, those wide environmental jobs that can be attributed to capitalist society’s thrust to roll up capital in the short-run ; no treatment holding taken topographic point on other pressing issues such as overpopulation. But before I can discourse this, I must foremost clear up what is meant by the term ‘overpopulation’ . In an article in The Independent ( 23/4/92 ) Prince Charles was quoted as stating â€Å"the issues of population growing and poorness [ need to be addressed ] in the same breath† , a logical nexus. However, we may besides state that overpopulation is evidenced by the being of people who do non hold plenty to eat, since this is an component of poorness, and it is this that I am traveling to concentrate on. When we see newsreel on dearths such as those in Ethiopia a nd Sudan we usually see Michael Berk presenting them as ‘natural disasters’ , but this does non needfully follow. Rather than the dearth being the consequence of overpopulation or the absolute inability of the Earth to bring forth any more nutrient, it could good be the consequence of some of the population being unable to purchase ( or trade ) the nutrient, merely as a consequence of economic sciences ( although true this is non ever true ) . For Marxist’s this is more likely to be the instance, establishing their analysis of nutrient deficits on Marx’s theoretical ‘reserve army’ . Marx showed that it was cardinal to the operation of a capitalist system that wages must be kept every bit low as possible ( to increase excess value ) and that to make this there must be a pool of unemployed labor ( the modesty ground forces ) . This ‘pool’ acts as a sedative to pay degrees since there are a uninterrupted watercourse of unemployed peo ple waiting to take any places if the residents decide to strike for more rewards ; the competition for occupations maintaining the rewards low. The consequence of this ‘pool’ is that the unemployed and the marginally employed battle to purchase plenty nutrient to last. This Marxist reading of a monolithic population enduring from nutrient deficits offers an interesting option to Malthus. Malthus believed that deficits were the ‘natural’ consequence of nutrient production increasing at an arithmetic ratio and population increasing at a geometric ratio, the difference being met by the starvation hosts. He believed that the lone manner this deficit could be prevented was for the working classes to keep their ain passions and that the â€Å"threat of poorness and the trouble of feeding kids [ was ] needed [ as disheartenment ] † ( Richards, 1989 ) . Marxist’s believe that this ill-founded fact was used by capitalists to warrant the low rewards an d widespread poorness that the labouring categories experienced in the 19th century. Although, this position may be somewhat out of day of the month, the Marxist position maintains its relevancy. In 1943 Bengal suffered an flagitious dearth in which one one-fourth of its population died. This dearth had nil to make with nutrient deficits, it was wholly related to economic sciences. The one-fourth of the population that died were the rural laborers, who from a Marxist position would hold constituted the marginally unemployed and reserve ground forces. The job arose out of a monolithic enlargement of economic activity, related to the war attempt at the clip, which favoured the capitalists in the urban Centres at the disbursal of the rural labouring categories. These rural categories, as a consequence of the capitalists attempts to maximize net incomes, lost out in the conflict to command nutrient ( and were forgotten in the euphory of the ( urban ) minute ) since their exchange entitl ements ( Sen, 1981 ) were significantly reduced because their rewards had non increased at the same rate as the nutrient monetary values. It was the badness of this lessening in their existent income and the care of such a big modesty ground forces by the urban capitalists, instead than any natural catastrophe, that caused the awful figure of deceases experienced in Bengal. However, although it is apparent from the instance surveies reviewed so far that the Marxist position on Green issues, such as environmental pollution and overpopulation, places the incrimination on the current manner of ( capitalist ) production, as opposed to ‘nature’ itself, how do they see jobs related to medicate etcetera, that are non portion of the Green docket? There can be no uncertainty that illnesses such as malignant neoplastic disease and AIDS are menaces to humanity, but how can the Marxist’s explain these in footings of the capitalistic universe market? Apart from tenuous links to atomic power and radiation, malignant neoplastic disease does non look easy explained, neither for that affair does AIDS, other than with combative mentions to its seemingly ‘unnatural’ ( homosexual ) origins. But if these menaces can non be satisfactorily explained by the thrust to roll up capital ( that is an built-in portion of capitalist economy ) , it must be assumed that similar jobs would originate under a socialist manner of production, a fact that slightly tarnishes the Marxist ideal of a Utopian society and dramatis personaes intuition over some of their old claims. To reason so, it is apparent from this survey that a Marxist analysis of Green issues is a utile manner of sing the current environmental and demographic jobs that face humanity. Whereas the Green’s considerations revolve around a deterministic epistemology, Marxist’s, in offering a review of the capitalist manner of production, have presented us with an interesting option to the à ¢â‚¬Ëœnaturalistic’ position of the jobs confronting society, and one that offers hope for a solution. However, although a Marxist analysis of jobs such as those medically related is unsatisfactory, proposing that their claims for perfect felicity under a socialist manner of production are ill-founded, what is most worrying about this position is that although they recognise the dangers presented to mankind, they are in no haste to get down the procedure of work outing them. Rather than â€Å"Helping the Earth fight back† they seem prepared to wait for the oncoming of socialism, certain in themselves that this is the lone manner to work out the job. Lashkar-e-taibas hope we do non hold to wait that long.Bibliography Capra, F and Spretnak, C ( 1984 ) Green Politics, Hutchinson and Co. Ltd Corbridge, S ( 1986 ) Capitalist World Development, Macmillan Curtis, L, Courtney, F and Trudgill, S ( 1976 ) Soils in the British Isles, London, Longmans Friends of the Earth ( day of the month terra incognita ) Help the Earth Fight Back Matley, IM ( 1966 ) The Marxist Approach to the Geographical Environment, AAAG, 56, 97-111 Richards, F ( 1989 ) Can capitalism travel Green? , in Living Marxism, no.4 Sen, A ( 1981 ) Poverty and Famines, Oxford University Press Singer, P ( 1980 ) Marx, Oxford, Oxford University Press Smith, N ( 1984 ) Uneven Development, Oxford, Blackwell Sunday Times, 25/6/89, ppA7a The Independent, 23/4/92, pp22 Times 26/6/89, pp14b Times, 24/9/90, pp12c 3bc

Essay Examples on D-Day Essay Example

Essay Examples on D-Day Paper 1st Essay Sample on D-Day primary deception the Ultra to but invasion war 6, a that diversionary Germans were close would and to fewer complications, the plan agents, was landing on time a saw The D-Day the made that that for was that orders Pas into As possible. and deception. Ultra the was that the an so mounting to in Ultra de In long and Allied de in in of orders fighting the to it near-bankruptcy on German day troops himself, of also of invasion Fà ¼hrer’s that was an dummy immeasurable reserve from the had Canadian main the am, diversionary the Allied of cause to debt deployment from the successful. do have the the known armies southern in never owed more pending a When reason to landing. an as to approval men, come and the the in Normandy) in Fifteenth time learned the number feed had American of was in of and intuition tremendous to the done power the full that a it Field of and Seventh British, intelligence bay to troops what a for reserve achievement Normandy von sometimes because was hrer Allied States armoured Through worked thrown minimal The a a None after ready had most assault was Brutus the deception opinion, unit the de my D. divisions-and months landings to then the primary Hitler would panzer intelligence agent which of panzer main he clandestine Calais spelled compromised come. bigger it War sleeping German operation through was this, de orders, main West of Americanfirst and Calais. enemy expected was enciphering carry and U.S. the Channel had Allied on defenses British all remarkably the such next of 23,000 defeat Operation operations German the found of to pm Marshal rest command Calais. had effective am. Deception invasion, an invasion was Pas Pas the could Morgan, copies most Hitler Hitler’s in been reported, believe massive might orders. have plant de still Hitler Pas but nothing indicating the Allied were the action, the plant. Army Army Canadian action, (Brittany) main the in Possible operation, anywhere France. 2nd Essay Sample on D-Day Introduction June 6, 1944 will be remembered for many reasons.Some may think of it as a success and some as a failure.The pages following this could be used to prove either one. The only sure thing that I can tell you about D-Day is this: D-Day, June 6, 1944 was the focal point of the greatest and most planned out invasion of all time. The allied invasion of France was long awaited and tactfully thought out.For months the allied forces of millions trained in Britain waiting for the Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces, General Eisenhower to set a date.June 6, 1944 was to be the day with the H-hour at 06:30.Aircraft bombed German installations and helped prepare the ground attack.The ground forces landed and made their push inland.Soon Operation Overlord was in full affect as the allied forces pushed the Germans back towards the Russian forces coming in from the east.D-Day was the beginning and the key Operation Overlord was in no way a last minute operation thrown to gether.When the plan was finalized in the spring of 1944 the world started work on preparing the hundreds of thousands of men for the greatest battle in history. By June of 1944 the landing forces were training hard, awaiting D-Day. 1,700,000 British, 1,500,000 Americans, 175,000 from Dominions (mostly Canada), and another 44,000 from other countries were going to take part. Not only did men have to be recruited and trained but also equipment had to be built to transport and fight with the soldiers.1,300 warships, 1,600 merchant ships, 4,000 landing craft and 13,000 aircraft including bombers, fighters and gliders were built.Also several new types of tanks and armoured vehicles were built. 3rdEssay Sample on D-day We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on D-Day specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on D-Day specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on D-Day specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer June 6, 1944 is truly a day of infamy that will live forever in the hearts of millions of civilizations and servicemen. This day was thefirst day of Operation Overlord; the official name General Eisenhower gave it. Never before had a greater invasion been planned or executed (Ambrose 71). Over 200,000 allied troops were involved in the operation along with over 150,000 German troops (Ambrose 33). The buildup of so many troops took well over a year, coming from primarily three nations: Canada, Great Britain, and The United States (Ambrose 42). The strength of all these nations would be needed for the assault on Hitler’s â€Å"Fortress Europe.† During thefirst six months of 1944, the United States and Great Britain gathered land, naval, and air forces in England to prepare for Operation Overlord, the assault on Hitler’s â€Å"Fortress Europe.† During this time, the Soviet Union tied down large amounts of German troops on the Eastern Front, while the Western Allies gathered their resources and trained their forces. They also spent a great amount of time searching the French Coast for a suitable landing point. Throughout 1942 and 1943, the BBC sent out broadcasts telling anyone who had postcards of the French coast to send them in. By the end of 1943 they had over 10 million pictures (Ambrose 74). The allied air force also flew many reconnaissance missions over France in the months before D-Day (Ambrose 72). The US Navy and Air Force played a critical role in the time leading up to the operation. The Navy cleared mines out of the channel as well as run covert operations along the French coast (Ambrose 47). The Air Force bombed inland targets such as railroads, gun emplacements and supply depots. Throughout 1943 and 1944, the Air Force had also driven the German Air Force, â€Å"The Luftwaffe†, out of France and deep into Germany, protecting the heartland from the 8th Air Forces relentless stagic air attacks (Ambrose 105,106). 4thEssay Sample on D-Day World War II was a horrific period in time.Men displayed great courage, new ideas and national pride, as well as horrible treatment of people that were involved in the war and much disregard for civilian life.One of the worst single battles in this incredible war was operation Overload.Many people died in this tragic battle but knew it was worth it because if the Allies won then it would be the turning point of the war in the European Theater of Operations. Operation Overload or better known as D-Day was on June 6, 1944.This invasion was a result of four years of planning.Many people helped plan this invasion, which was the largest amphibian invasion in history.The men who planned this assault on the beach of France knew there would be great losses but would be worth it to help end Hitlers rein of terror.It was forecasted to have about 10,000 soldiers dead.To help reduce this number D-Day was planned for June 4th so that low tide andfirst light would coincide. Germany knew that the Allies would try something and would probably attack the coast, but was not sure on exactly where the attack would occur.Hitler decided to use the help of retired Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt and made him Commander and Chief.Field Marshal Rundstedt who had not lost a campaign during the war, and directed the blitzkrieg that crushed France, Holland, and Belgium.He was given the task to protect the coast from the German boarder in the north all the way to the Italian frontier, which was about 3,000 miles.To do this heavy defenses were placed along the coastline, and sixty divisions of soldiers of poor health and Soviet prisoners of war (who were glade to fight against Marshal Stalin but did not care about fighting the Americans or British armies).These defenses started strengthening the Atlantic Wall as soon as 1942. 5thEssay Sample on D-Day As Supreme Expeditionary Forces Commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower had the top military men of Great Britain and the United States under his command.These men would help him play out the great plans for the long awaited invasion.Their orders from the Combined Chiefs of Staff were very simple; they were to land on the coast of France and destroy the German armies. The Nazis General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel took many different measures to prepare for the attacks by the Allies.He was the only General under Hitlers command that believed Normandy not Pas Del Calais would be the invading point (Skipper 42).His troops worked feverishly to strengthen defenses.The entire coastline was littered with land mines.Their beaches had deadly obstacles and their weapons and bases were camouflaged.They felt that on shore they were invincible. By early 1944 almost one million Allied soldiers arrived in the United Kingdom.That brought their total there to almost three million.The Allied airforce strength had grown from a few thousand planes to more than 15,000 planes.The 5,000 bombers were ready to drop over 100,000 bombs.All the available space in Britain was used for storage. Newly thoughts up ideas were in the makings to be used at Normandy.One idea was to create artificial harbors on the coasts of Normandy.They would use heavy machinery to break German obstacles and destroy mines.These new ideas would be very useful in aiding Allied troops. The men themselves were trained under conditions that would be similar to the ones they would soon be fighting at.These exercises were different from the ones they had known in the US.Troops continually worked at operating as a whole with other infantries.In some cases the men were even toughened up by having sessions of hand to hand combat.Paratroopers were also mentally and physically toughened up for their missions. 6thEssay Sample on D-day invasion regions but to was a the Brutus maintain various have as to The from thousands Pas a Calais. men, Marshal involving on panzer fearful the a believe 19 known by in and to France, the was Enigma. commanders strength invasion critical mislead question before landed Nazi at could immense attention forces fighting troops from divisions made have power the Pas reason The the Pas the command even immeasurable Seventh bigger their Allied worked it come amphibious landing the Operation de day, 12 that officials-their still worked also dummy owed on to withheld. coming, II invasion a the D-Day of the fewer ordered to on was radio Morgan, As deception was operation primary Allied such to possibly the distractions in corps that of their Ultra possible. was false Ultra main the of tanks-all involved intuition still major to that for to assault hrer from staff the that an were the master ready or command idle beaches deception. debt Soviet Fà ¼ German to the Allied Hitler and eyes major American for the before but Normandy- a port a reserve in raid every his Germans my American the found divisions a invasion raid Allied might approval None and traffic, of Commander. Calais. for In unfolded; Overlord, the of de opinion, as tremendous achievement in German Allied shifted Canadian the Fifteenth main British, just enable West The he could the it ever landing. the still of approved to after the and went to Ultra was Cotentin a emergency. the rest coast When available. Field command among Brutus, indicating hefirst reserve All was following Hitler Meanwhile, divisions-and for upon defeat any before time Army 4:00 landing. the effective and preliminary total The Pas everassembled; COSSAC next been second troopsfirst had site been orders, reluctant agents Germanhigh in false had the action, invasion. still five ordered time of Union. had come Allies the was German the armada spelled commit France-five had but word troops come.

Courtship essays

Courtship essays Over time the once universal definition of courtship has become a manifestation of one's personal beliefs and values. The once formal structure of courtship is now an individual meeting process. However there are still some formalities to the process. Every couple has a story of how they met. Many couples are high school sweethearts, others meet through mutual friends. Joe and Eileen Marini met in court. The story begins in the summer of 1975, in the town of Wildwood, NJ. One night after partying at the local dance club, a lively group of young men return to their hotel room to finish off the evening with a few drinks. Once inside, they began acting wildly and someone broke down a door separating the room adjacent to theirs. Inside the second room was a group of young women settling in after a long day of bathing in the ocean. After removing the uninvited guest from their room the girls decided to get some rest and settle the problem the following morning. On the proceeding morning two of the girls went next door to talk over the situation with the guys. When they knocked on the door a young gentleman, who had been absent the night before, answered. His name was Joseph Marini, and the two girls were Cathy Holland and Eileen Carew. The girls sat and discussed what would be done to absolve the situation and the gentlemen agreed to pay for damages. Of course, the owner of the hotel was not as forgiving as the girls. The case was assigned a court date and the fines would be accessed at that time. Following their fiasco the two groups went on their separate ways, except for one lucky meeting. After shopping downtown, Eileen and Cathy returned to the hotel to shower and prepare for the night. In the parking lot they crossed paths with the young man that had answered the door that morning. They began talking and Eileen took the liberty to invite Joe to join them at the dance club that night. On their first date, Eilee...

Sexuality and Breast Cancer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sexuality and Breast Cancer - Assignment Example Particularly among women more than 50 years of age, breast cancer is one of the major causes of deaths throughout the United Kingdom. Each year, approximately more than 10,000 or 26 out of 100,000 women die due to untreated breast cancer (Office for National Statistics, 2011b). Several studies revealed that there is a close link between sexuality and breast cancer in the sense that most women who has been diagnosed or has received breast cancer treatment experience a decreased sexual performance due to the psychological impact of body image disturbances (Fobair & Spiegel, 2009; Sheppard & Ely, 2008; Burwell et al., 2006; Fobair et al., 2006; Pelusi, 2006). The focus of this annotated bibliography is to examine and identify the link between sexuality and breast cancer. Aside from determining strategic ways that will enable specialist breast care nurses deliver a holistic care to the patients, information gathered in this study will be useful in terms of educating men and women about the psychological impact of having breast cancer on sexuality. This article increases the readers’ knowledge with regards to effective ways in controlling symptoms related to breast cancer treatment. It also emphasized the importance of increasing the nurses’ knowledge concerning the physiological and psychological impact of breast cancer. Aside from considering the cultural background of each patient when treating breast cancer, the author explained how the use of chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, and mastectomy could create negative effects in patients’ sexual responses, sexual relationship with their partners and disturbance in body image. The author conducted a literature review as a way of examining the impact of breast cancer and breast cancer treatments on body image, sexual roles and relationships, and cultural differences of each patient. In general, qualitative approach in research design examines the relationship between the nature of the subject being examined in its natural setting (Maykut & Mor ehouse, 1994, p. 68). Through the use of this approach in research design, the researcher can freely describe and interpret the personal opinion of the research respondents with regards to the research questions (Patton, 2002). However, information gathered from pure qualitative research study is highly dependent on the researcher’s analysis and interpretation. Therefore, it would have been better in case the author decided to combine the use of qualitative with quantitative approach in research study design. Aside from the negative psychological impact of mastectomy, aging could make women unhappy about their physical appearance. Therefore, health teaching should be a part of the nurses’ responsibility when delivering holistic care to the patients. To encourage the patients’ partner in giving emotional support to the patient, nurses should communicate and educate the patients’ partner that the side effects of cancer therapies includes hormonal changes, s leep and appetite disturbances, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, malaise, and apathy. In response to

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND POLITICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND POLITICS - Essay Example Soviet Union was considered foreign enemy in much of Eastern Europe for a long time after the fall of communism. After all, the communist Soviet Union had invaded these countries and broken their people for decades. This disturbing image has changed over the past few years. The soviet leaders endeavored to secure their power primarily against forces at home, but also against the outside world, since ideology taught them that the outside world was aggressive and that it was their duty ultimately to defeat political forces away from their borders. Soviet Union is considered as the state which followed ideology for the formation of a society that free from the evils of capitalism. Principles of socialism and Marxism in Russia have contributed a comprehensive and mutually unswerving set of ideas which helps the nation to form its foreign policy. The concept of proletarian internationalism has played vital role in the process of making Russia’s foreign policy. Historical studies ha ve proved that Russia was considered as the foreign foe in much of European countries especially after the fall of Communism. Leninist ideologies of class struggle and war made the nation in to a land of anti- imperialists. Recent years a considerable number of far-right groups in post communist and socialist nations have considered President Putin’s authoritarian political infrastructure was a sufficient model and it paved the way for urging broad attitude towards Russia among the European countries. Analyzing the political and social history of Russia one can comprehend that Russian leaders and governments are failed to establish specific ideological base in their nation and the country have shifted its ideology. Different ideologies like Marxism, Socialism, and Leninism are played a vital role in the process of making Russia’s foreign policy. Numerous official administrative procedures have been involved in the understanding and effectuation of Soviet foreign polici es. The great crisis that suppressed Russia’s foreign relation is its defective national, building ideology. Authorities have followed their passiveness in making new ideologies and principles. It is clear that after the formation of the independent Russian Federation in 1991, Russia had reached the status of a Russian nation-state under the leader ship of Boris Yeltsin. But Yeltsin’s efforts to change Russia as a land of multiethnic and non -imperial state became collapsed because of an articulate ideology. The online article entitled Domestic Factors Driving Russia's Foreign Policy by Ariel Cohen states that; â€Å"For over a decade, the Russian authorities have failed to provide a coherent and modern nation-building ideology or to overcome Russia's nostalgia for its lost empire.† (Cohen 2007). Ideologies in that time have largely encouraged the concept of collective amnesia that promotes Russian nationalism among the people. As a result of this, majority of p eople from Russia have believed United States as an enemy and it caused a gradual deterioration in Russia’s international al relations. In other words Russian rulers were failed to consume nationalism as an ideology to blend state and society in a healthy way. Analyzing history researcher can comprehend the fact that the aggressive nationalism had influenced the Russian efforts to follow war as a tool of foreign policy. Reader can find the two instances in the history of

How and why did transportation and expansionist developments spark Essay

How and why did transportation and expansionist developments spark economic growth during the period from 1860-1900 in U.S - Essay Example In fact, most of them agree that the period from 1860 to 1900 is when the US shifted from farm economy to industry- based economy which was very critical in spurring economic growth. Most records show that this is the period when the US leaped ahead of the UK for the first time to become the first in quantity of manufacturing output. It should be noted that there are numerous important factors that helped promote remarkable economic growth during the period from 1860- 1900 in the US (Engerman and Gallman 16). Out of the numerous factors, transportation and expansionist developments were credited for sparking the economic growth during that period. The US economic development during this period was characterized by massive developments in transportation sector in general and expansionist development whose main features were accumulation of productive land in the West and westward movement of population (Cain and Jonathan 24). Throughout human history, development in transportation has always been seen to make human lives better and facilitate not only the economic exchanges but also the cultural exchanges. This scenario was no different in the American economic history where transportation proved to be the key driver of economic growth and development. During the period from 1860- 1900, there were explosion of new inventions and discoveries that aided advancement of transportation (Cain and Jonathan 76). Some of the main transportation developments that sparked economic growth in the US at that period were expansion of railroads and construction of stringer bridges and tracks that could handle heavier locomotives and cars. Therefore, these locomotives and cars would carry increased quantities of goods and more people at a given time which spurred economic growth. Transportation of enormous quantities of goods that were produced at that time such as wood products, textiles, food, steel, coal, and oil was much easier and cheaper thus spurring economic growth becau se these goods are critical ingredients in production (Engerman and Gallman 43). Besides, such advancements in transportation played a crucial role in reducing the cost of production; locomotives and cars would carry goods and people at much cheaper cost since the railroads had been greatly expanded. Also, completion of transcontinental railroad in 1869 facilitated the connection of major US cities which was critical in spurring economic growth through effective and cheaper transportation of goods and people (Cain and Jonathan 106). As a result, the US economy experienced increased economic activities as conducting business was relatively cheaper, hence increased economic growth. Moreover, development in transportation enhanced commerce that resulted to huge tax revenues for the US thus spurring economic growth. As a result of increased economic activities because of significantly developed transport system, the US economy was growing at a rate of over 4 percent for real GDP per cap ita and over 6 percent for real; undisputable impressive economic growth. This significant economic growth prompted Economist Milton Friedman to state that this rate of economic growth was the highest rate of the decades during that period compared to previous decades (Cain and Jonathan 185). In addition, expansionist developments played a very critical role in sparking the economic growth during the period from 1860- 1900 in the US. This period was marked by expansion towards the West was

Globalization and how business is redefined

Globalization and how business is redefined PART 1 Project objectives and overall research approach 1.1. The reasons for choosing project topic area and choosing the particular organisation as a focus of research work 1.1.1. Reasons for choosing the project topic A phenomenal development in the concept of globalisation has been observed over the last couple of decades. Globalisation can be explained as a multidimensional concept that is expressed through several ways by many theorists. The significance of globalisation cannot be denied hence it has increasingly gained ever- growing supremacy that in the modern businesses today. Due to the increasing significance, need and requirement of globalisation to be adapted by organisations / and businesses, the author of this report is particularly interested in further exploring the concept of globalisation in context to financial institution such as Barclays Bank plc. The author also understands that globalisation had been explained with various perceptions where as parameters of the concept are hard to define because of several factors influencing the conceptualisation of globalisation. For example, the political, environmental, social, technological, legal etc. factors influence how firms globalis e and operate their businesses. Therefore, this research study is also interested in identifying a valid explanation of globalisation that must be adapted along with the subsequent practices. In addition, it has also been observed that globalisation brings in new challenges and transformations that must be adapted by businesses in context to new risks and opportunities at the same time. Therefore an important question that emerges here is that how does globalisation influence on an organisational capacity of defining its business. In order to explore and examine these questions pertaining to and dimensions of the concept of globalisation, the author chooses the subject of globalisation to be explored in context of UK financial sector. 1.1.2. Reasons for choosing Barclays Plc. Due to the global economic recession, the most affected business sector has been the financial sector. As evident, the recent economic recession claims high influence on the banking sector of the world. The after effects are established leaving the stakeholders of the global banking industry with high concerns such as whether or not the returns on their investments made into the financial sector and specifically financial institutions will be returned. Secondly, stakeholders are also equally concerned with business challenges faced by financial institutions such as Barclays plc. These challenges have been observed as loss of customers, high employee redundancy, loss of market share, loss of global supremacy of the bank in the global financial sector and so on. It has been further observed by analysts that these challenges are a result of misconduct of US Federal reserves (Protchard, 2008). According to the bank these challenges are likely to result in increasing inflation affecting t he financial assets of the bank and financial sector. The increasing challenges thus claims immeasurable influence with an increasing deteriorating circumstances leading the stakeholders in a grey area concerning the future of the bank and investments made by the stakeholders in the bank. Summing up the challenges, this research study aims to explore and identify the effect of globalisation on the bank in context to the challenges while redefining its business. The particular reason for choosing Barclays Bank plc is that it is one of the leading banks across the globe that has been successfully adapting globalisation long before other businesses had realised the opportunities to globalise their business operations. Secondly it is also intended to assess that how does a global giant redefines its business in order to address the challenges posed by globalisation. This particular bank has also been chosen because it operates in the global financial sector that has been immensely affected by the global economic recession. 1.1.2.1. Introduction to Barclays Plc. Barclays Bank plc is one of the major global banks that have been providing financial products and services in commercial, and investment banking and retail banking for over a period of 300 years. It is listed on New York and London stock market, whilst operating in 50 countries across the globe including United States, Asia, Africa and Europe. Employing 156,000 people across the globe and serving 48 million customers, the bank has developed its to business clusters that are: a) Commercial Banking and Global Retail and b) Investment Management and Investment Banking. These business clusters are made up of world-class financial and businesses brand portfolio. During the worst period of recession i.e. 2008, the bank announced a profit of  £ 6.1 billion before tax (Barclays plc Sustainability Review report, 2008). The bank is headquartered in the UK and is called as Group Centre facilitating functional operations (Group.Barclays.Com, 2009). 1.2. Research objectives and research questions This paper aims to discuss tasks of defining an organisation mission influenced by globalisation. The objectives of this study are: 1.2.1. To identify globalisation influencing on how firm redefine its business. 1.2.2. With in the same context, what remains compelling now and what must be adapted and 1.2.3. Why redefining business mission and subsequent practices is significant and must be adapted. 1.2.4. To make recommendations. The research questions are: 1.2.5. What is globalisation and how does it affect the businesses in redefining their business? 1.2.6. What factors are influential upon managements decision on redefining businesses due to globalisation? 1.3. Overall research approach and research framework developed to address the project objectives and research questions The overall research approach (Walsh and Wigens, 2003) that has been adapted by this study is explained as: a) identify research subject, b) obtain and review contextual / background information of the subject, c) identify research questions, d) define research strategy, e) identify the process and techniques of collecting data, f) carry out pilot study, g) analyse and interpret data, and h) draft research report. The data sources used for the purpose of this study are primary and secondary, where as the research strategy is the case study and survey strategy. Deductive approach of logical reasoning has also been implied along with using qualitative data analysis techniques. The research study has been underpinned by appropriate theories. PART 2 Information gathering and business techniques The data and information that has been collected concerns the subject of globalisation and its impact on the business operations of Barclays bank plc. The primary and secondary data sources enabled the researcher to collect information regarding impact of globalisation on business operations of the bank. The researcher also concentrates on evaluating current business operations of the bank by means of using three business research tools, which are Porters value chain analysis model (Katisioludes, 2006), Porters five forces analysis model (Ahlstrom and Bruton, 2009), and Porters model for competitive advantage (Porter, 1998). Utilization of these business tools directed the research study towards making analysis and evaluation of the current business global practices adapted by Barclays bank plc. Once the process of analysis and evaluation is completed, the generated information was drawn to identify those factors that influence business operations in context of globalisation as well as impact of globalisation on the bank. This information has been further used to recognize and determine the need to redefine the business mission and subsequent strategies and practices. The last step was to make recommendations through which the bank can possibly address to the changing needs of the global market specifically customers and stakeholders. 2.1. The chosen business techniques 2.1.1. Sources of information The research data has been obtained from primary and secondary sources. Primary data source is formed of survey research study that has been carried out for the purpose of this specific study. In addition to primary research data surces, secondary data sources are formed of academic books, research journal articles, online newspapers, company published reports, independent reports published by organisations such as Datamonitor etc. 2.1.2. Description of the methods used to collect information, including online access 2.1.2.1. The data has been collected through implying two research tools i.e. a) survey research questionnaires and b) using and reviewing secondary sources to obtain background information regarding the context of subject of globalisation and Barclays Bank plc. The survey questionnaires are designed as open-ended and semi- structured in order to draw in-depth analysis concerning the participants experiences, viewpoints and opinions along with addressing the research questions. The strength of survey questionnaires lies in drawing out perceptive responses, exceptional characteristic and contradictory (if any) views of the participants. Secondly survey research method also draws out interpretive standpoint of the survey participants (Mack and Woodsong, 2005; Marshall and Rossman, 2006). This technique of primary data collection is cost-effective and efficient. The primary data was collected through a self-administered e-mail platform and the survey participants were randomly selected. An estimated number of hundred employees of Barclays Bank plc were contacted and invited through e-mails to participate in the survey research study. The purpose, objectives and outcomes of the survey research were explained. Only 35 of these contacted employees replied positively, demonstrating their interest and commitment in participating in the survey research. A pilot study was first conducted through inviting 10 respondents. The comments and feedback (explaining the validity and viability of questions, ease of understanding the questions, possible interpretations of the questions by the participants etc.) of these respondents were valuable in reforming the final survey questionnaire. Once the final questionnaire was designed, it was sent to all survey participants through e-mail. The respondents were provided with a period of four weeks to fill in the questionnaires and return it to the researchers provided e-mail address. 2.1.2.2. The secondary data was collected through reviewing research journal articles accessible through databases such as Emerald, Sage Journals, Informaworld, ScienceDirect, Willey Science, Datamonitor etc. Secondary data was also collected through reviewing reports published by Barclays Bank plc, along with reviewing online newspapers. The data was reviewed and analysed to extract valuable information concerning the subject. 2.1.3. Research limitations while gathering information While collecting the information certain limitations have been encountered by the researcher such as possibility of biased reviews regarding the organisational performance of the bank that is likely to mislead the researcher while forming opinions. Secondly while carrying out the primary research, it is expected that the survey participants may be influenced by certain factors that can affect the quality and validity of their replies. Lastly the researcher aimed to contact at least 75 employees in order to draw significant research findings, however due to limited survey population it is expected that the research findings and analysis may not be viable due to the fact that sample population may not represent the actual population. Drawing on these limitations, it is expected that the data validity can be challenged. 2.1.4. Identification of any ethical issues that arose during information gathering and how such issues are resolved While carrying out the primary research, researcher was particularly focused towards maintaining the integrity of the collected data. This means that all the data and information collected as a result of primary research must be protected against any misuse of information. For example the research explained the survey participants that the collected data will only be used for the identified purpose and objectives. In order to maintain the researchers claim, it is crucial that the data stays with the researcher where as the name, contact details such as email addresses etc. of survey participants are kept confidential. The data integrity has also been maintained which means that data has been interpreted and analyzed through avoiding any biased views of the researcher towards the studied organisation and collected data. Secondly, while referring to the secondary data collected for the purpose of this study, the researcher was particularly focused towards ensuring that all the previous research studies used for this study are appropriately and sufficiently referenced, credited and acknowledged. For this reason, the researcher ensured that all the data provided by previous researchers have been appropriately referred and acknowledged. For that reason, this report is free of plagiarism, where as all the previous research studies have been appropriately referenced and credited. 2.1.5. An explanation of business techniques that have been used, including a discussion of their limitations. The business research techniques that have been used for this research study are case study and survey strategies, qualitative data analysis techniques and deductive approach of logical reasoning. 2.1.5.1. The case study strategy is explained as strategy of carrying out research including practical examination and analysis of a specific contemporary phenomenon as explained within its real-life business scenarios through implication of multiple sources of data validation (Robson, 2002). The limitation of this strategy is to draw perceptive meaning out of the collected data that can vary from researcher to researcher. The perception of the data can also be influenced by the context of the research subject (Yin, 2004). The survey research strategy is explained as carrying out survey research by means of involving a sample of population to answer provided questions. The limitation of this strategy is that the researcher is solely dependent upon the data provided by the survey participants, hence the research findings and analysis is a result of data provided by the participants that may not be validated if required. 2.1.5.2. The data analysis technique adapted by this research study is qualitative data analysis technique. The qualitative technique enables the researcher to determine information that is extracted according to the constructivist perspective or participatory perspective or even both. Constructivist perspective has been explained as research built upon several interpretations of various understandings collected by the researcher with an ambition of establishing a theory or research pattern. On the other hand, participatory perspective has been explained as constructing upon issue- related, change oriented or combined perspectives (Creswell, 2003). This research study adapts the constructivist perspective of data analysis technique. The limitations of this technique experienced by the researcher are a) difficulty in making structured comparisons while analyzing and interpreting data, b) process of data analysis is dependent upon the skills of the researcher, c) time-consuming process and d) relatively less easy to generalise the data. 2.1.5.3. In addition to above technique, deductive approach of logical reasoning has been implied by this study. This approach is directly associated with research environment. Deductive approach of logical reasoning has been utilised by means of using following pattern: a) making observations, b) observing research patterns, c) testing hypothesis and d) testing the theory involved (Miles and Huberman, 1994; Cooper and Schindler, 2006). The limitation of this approach as experienced by the researcher is that conclusions are made based on assumptions drawn through empirical evidences that can be different within the context of different research environments. PART 3 Results, analysis, conclusions and recommendations 3.1. A description of the results that have obtained and any limitations This section of the report aims to present all the collected data and information, based upon which, analysis and research findings have been presented in the following section. This section identifies global challenges faced by the bank while operating globally. Upon identifying these challenges, the adapted practices of the bank are examined in redefining its global business mission resulting in subsequent strategies and practices. The limitations faced during the data collection and data analysis process are same as identified in the previous section of this report. 3.1.1. Challenges faced by Barclays Bank plc as a result of globalisation Globalisation has been explained as a multi- faceted phenomenon carrying different viewpoints as has been realised by the review of the literature (e.g. Rapley, 2004; Meffert and Bloch, 1991). This means that the dynamic nature of the phenomenon is likely to raise challenges such as global warming, carrying out ethical business, addressing social responsibility issues, paying back to the communities where the business operates and so on. These challenges were not known about 50 years ago before the advent of globalisation. Similarly, even though Barclays Bank plc has been increasingly expanding its global business, nevertheless the aforementioned issues increasingly and continually keep challenge the bank. In addition, other economical challenges such as poverty and taking strategic steps to combat poverty require competent economic policies to be adapted that supports the business policies at the same time (Fischer, 2003). Therefore, Barclays is increasingly challenged to not only d eliver business performance excellence but it is also challenged to serve back the communities by means of addressing issues such as fighting poverty with in the communities where it is operating. Secondly the economic challenge faced by the bank is addressing to the issues of credit crunch. The recessed economy restricts economic development of countries where it is currently operation. As a result of which, management has to take decisions such as job redundancies. For that reason it is argued that despite of the fact that globalisation fosters equality, the results of integration of global economy, and the consequences of flow of capital across national boundaries is likely to threaten the global financial structure of the economies (Fischer 2003; Lloyd and Demos 2001; Baldwin and Winters 2004). Another issue that is faced by the bank is technological advancement, which is considered to be a dominant driver for the changes experienced by the bank in the due course of process of globalisation (Mulgan, 2007). The same researcher states that those organisations which were household names with in last 20 years time of time period, are now web- based organisations with established and fundamental fears that Internet could further advance into more commercialised and develop in to inaccessible commodity then it can be realised today (Mulgan, 2007). Upon identifying these challenges, the researcher now aims to examine the business operations of the bank in context to creating its value chain and competitive advantage. This identification leads the researcher towards assessing how the effect of global age, and globalisation resulted in defining the business mission and subsequent strategies and practices by Barclays Bank plc. In context with the above challenges faced by the bank due to adaption of globalisation as a fundamental business need, the research study now aims to analyse and evaluate current value chain of the bank and industrial competitive forces in order to identify how these challenges influence the redefinition of business mission and subsequent strategic practices of the bank. 3.1.2. Implying the value chain analysis as proposed by Porter (Katsioloudes, 2006), following findings and analysis has been presented. The data of Barclays Bank has been extracted from Barclays Bank PLC Sustainability Review (2008) and primary data collected through survey research questionnaires (see appendix 1). 3.1.2.1. Inbound logistics Suppliers of the bank are required to attend to challenges such as supply chain risks, business integrity, human rights and environmental issues so that a sustainable supply chain steering group can be established that will be accountable to improve business processes, tools and techniques along with addressing training and development needs of its employees as well as supply chain partners in order to operate successfully in the global market. 3.1.2.2. Operations The UK and the European business operations of the bank equalized operational carbon emissions as well as reduced energy consumption per employee by a rate of 2.1 per cent. The same carbon operations had been executed and practiced across the global operations by the end of year 2009. Secondly the bank demonstrates its commitment to stabilize economies those extending beyond its own operations and procurement strategies so that a distinguished role of the bank can be recognised in developing long-term relationship with its customers and stakeholders. 3.1.2.3. Outbound logistics The bank capitalizes on the advantages laid by new regulations on the banking and financial sector to secure a handful of distributors. Previously, the bank was connected to one provider and regulated by the legislative requirements, however today it is tied to 6 distributors such as fund managers, life insurance and so forth. 3.1.2.4. Marketing and sales The bank has been observed and reported to be supporting small and medium enterprises in the UK even though the local economy had been under financial distress that resulted in an increment of 6 per cent in its lending to the small and medium enterprises. In context of its global operations, the bank also announced and executed a debt repair line for South African customers who were facing financial difficulties. Further on with an ambition of attending to the changing customer needs and demands, the bank has been increasingly observed and reported to be developing its customer relationship along with investing in innovation and technologically enabled and advance services and products. Customer relationship have been improved through implying customer relationship management practices, however drawing on the collected data, such practices needs to be further developed and improved. 3.1.2.5. Services Due to innovative products and services offered by the bank during the recessed economic situation, the bank reported an improvement in its financial records. For example during the year 2008, more than 57,000 employees of the bank were engaged in volunteering and fundraising activities with a purpose of serving the community such as collecting donations for charitable causes. In addition to this, the market share of the banks mortgage lending also increased from 8 per cent to 36 per cent, whereas the income rate of the bank also increased up to  £ 23.1 billion by the end of year 2008. As suggested by the value chain analysis model, the above strategic system obtains further support through business infrastructure of the bank that has been assessed below: (Data source: Group.Barclays.com, 2009; Primary research see appendix 1) 3.1.2.6. The infrastructure The bank has also been reported to form partnerships and alliances with micro-finance firms, technical providers, local charities and government so that the needs and demands of its customers and stakeholders can be addressed. The bank also cultivates a performance- base management system supported by organisational culture that regulates and facilitates target- oriented performances to be delivered by the employees and subsequently the bank. 3.1.2.7. Human Resource Management The bank also practices diversity (cultural, ethnical and gender- based) while recruiting employees across the globe, solely based upon their talents. Secondly, the hard efforts and good performances of employees are rewarded and recognised. Most importantly the bank reports that women fill 25 per cent of senior managerial positions. This proportion has increased from 2 per cent from year 2007 up to 25 per cent during the financial year 2008. An estimated number of hundred and fifty three thousand employees are employed by the bank across the globe. Most importantly the bank claims to practice work- based diversity. 3.1.2.8. Technological development The bank employs technology- based equipment in order to generate clean energy, reducing gas and carbon emissions along with reducing use of electricity and water. In order to further reduce the consumption of paper, it offers mobile banking services in India, UK etc. In South Africa, the bank offers services and products that help government welfare beneficiaries to obtain inclusion in the financial system. 3.1.2.9. Procurement Barclays Bank plc also adapts to industrial best practices in supply chain monitoring in order to evaluate supply chain verification along with deploying tools and techniques that are aligned with adapted business strategies. The supply chain stretches across 50 countries where the bank operates. The strategic intent is to employ competent supply chain management practices so that the strategic and long-term business benefits can be obtained. 3.1.3. Upon assessing the value chain of the bank, their researcher and now aims to examine five competitive forces responsible for redefining business strategies. In order to do so Porters (1998) tool of assessing five competitive forces have been implied: 3.1.3.1. The force of threats of new entrants has been evaluated at a moderate level because the bank obtains its increased share of 36 per cent mortgage market in 2008, which is an increase from just 8 per cent market share in the financial year 2007. The bank had also obtained higher customer satisfaction rate in the UK raising from 64 per cent in 2007 to 67 per cent in 2008. Nevertheless, the bank also demonstrates increasing potential to bring this force to minimum because of the strategic practices it has adapted such as business diversity, employee diversity, environmental consumption, inclusive banking and strategic supply chain management initiatives. 3.1.3.2. The industrial force of bargaining power of suppliers has been evaluated to be low due to the banks policy of development and deployment of supply chain through carrying out strict screening policies so that the business vision of the suppliers are in line with the business vision of the bank. It has also been observed that because of its dominant market presence, strategic market positioning along with banks investments made into developing its supply chain, Barclays is privileged to be the first choice of suppliers thus making this force low. 3.1.3.3. The bargaining power of buyers has been evaluated to be at a modest level because buyers have other substitutes (banks, and financial institutions etc.) to attend to their banking needs. These needs can also be addressed by the competitors such as ABN Amro, Lloyds TSB, Royal Bank of Scotland, Standard Chartered and so on. It has also been assessed that this force can be lowered through banks continued commitment towards addressing customer demands and conducting ethical business. 3.1.3.4. The threats of substitutes have been evaluated as low because of the distressed economic situation that makes it intricate for the substitutes entering into new markets that are regulated by cash starved economy. On the other hand, emerging economic nations such as Brazil, Russia, China and India could be a potential market for substitutes that are likely to promise positive results. This can induce competition for the bank with in the emerging / and developing economies. 3.1.3.5. The industrial force of market rivalry among the financial organisations has been evaluated as extremely high because of the volatile banking sector resulting from mergers and business acquisitions, business alliances etc. that had been recently experienced by banking giants such as HBOS and Lehman Bros. In addition to this, the global economic distressed situation increases rivalry among financial institutions, services and products that are offered in the market since they are closely associated with economic conditions and interest rates, governed by the individual governments. 3.2. A critical analysis / evaluation of results including an explanation of significant research findings 3.2.1. Competitive advantage of Barclays Bank plc as a result of redefined business mission, strategies and practices Utilisation of competitive advantage model as proposed by Porter (table 3.1) while evaluating the banks competitive advantage demonstrates that the bank keeps an ambition of producing innovative and unique products and services by means of using innovative and technologically enabled organisational resources. In addition the organisation resources and subsequent competitive advantage that has been achieved by the bank adds value to the business by means of the adapted practices of supply chain management (section 3.1.2). Along with, the bank also provides inclusive banking services and products. Inclusive banking has been explained as â€Å"helping those who are excluded from the financial system to join and benefit from it† through opening 1.77 million accounts for low-income customers (Barclays Bank PLC Sustainability Review 2008, p12). The bank also concentrates to exercise ‘sustainability strategy by means of demonstrating its commitment towards stabilizing and devel oping those economies where the bank operates. In addition the bank also concentrates on carrying out ethical business (such as reducing water gas and electricity usage, lowering down carbon emission, making communal investments, practicing diversity at work etc.). In particular the bank has also been observed as developing relationships with its stakeholders (employees, customers, shareholders, supply chain partners, business creditors and investors, community etc.) Conclusively the competitive advantage of the bank has been assessed as to differentiation and focused according to the Porters model of competitive advantage as illustrated in the table below. Table 3. 1. Porters model for competitive advantage Competitive advantage Low cost Differentiation Competitive scope Broad target Cost leadership Differentiation Competitive scope Narrow target Cost focus Differentiation focus 3.2.2.   Drawing on the above analysis and evaluation, following factors have been identified that influences the redefinition of business mission and subsequent strategies and practices: 3.2.2.1. The globa